We’ll start with the basics… Whales are not fish. They are mammals, meaning they breathe air just as we do and they don’t have gills, like fish, to extract oxygen from water. Another giveaway that they are mammals is that their tails are horizontal, like dolphins and porpoises, rather than vertical, like fish, such as sharks and bass.
And, in fact, dolphins and whales are both in the order Cetacea, along with porpoises. And, while we’re on this tangent, porpoises and dophins are distinct because of differences in body size, the size of the snouts, and shape of their teeth. All three – whales, dolphins, and porpoises – are descended from ancient hooved animals. That’s a wild factoid you can use to amaze your friends. I’ll come back to it momentarily.

Image via savethewhales.org
The interesting thing that I just learned about whales is that Baleen Whales are probably the oldest animals on the planet. There have been whales found to be nearly 200 years old. That’s pretty amazing. Not as amazing as trees that are many thousands of years old, but still pretty amazing.
Of course, then I wondered what animal had the shortest life span. That’s probably the fruit fly which can have 25 generations in one year.
The latest evidence for whale evolution indicates that they are more closely related to the hippo than previously thought. This chart shows the entire clade for whales, dolphins, and porpoises. (A clade, by the way, is a groups of organisms with a common ancestor and their evolutionary relationship based on genetic/molecular data.)
I’ve seen dolphins in real life a few times - once at an aquarium and a couple times while on tour boats in the Atlantic Ocean. I don’t think I’ve ever seen a porpoise (although, like a good fish, I try never to go anywhere without one.)

My photo of a dolphin near Ft. Sumter. It's hard to get a good photo because you can't know exactly when or where one will surface. This is one of the few images I got that wasn't just the edge of the fin or tail disappearing back into the water.
But I’ve only seen a whale in an aquarium in Atlanta when I visited it with my daughter; there they have a Beluga Whale. (See it on a webcam feed.)
That shouldn’t be a surprise, really. Most people never get to see whales in their natural habitat. Their natural habitat is very inconvenient for us terrestrial mammals to access. They probably like it better that way.
Whales, dophins, and porpoises have a prominent place in American popular culture, however, despite the fact (or perhaps because of it) that we don’t often experience the real thing. From the story of Jonah and the Whale, to Moby Dick, to Flipper, to the worst Star Trek movie ever made, cetaceans are all around us.